ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND ANGER IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE GENERAL POPULATION IN SHIRAZ, SOUTHERN IRAN   HADI N.,ASAD ELAHI R.*,TALEEI A.R.   * DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, SHIRAZ, IRAN    

Background: Breast cancer and its treatment have specific challenges for women due to changes in sexuality, femininity, body image and maternal issues which might lead to associated psychological morbidity. In the present study, our aim was to measure depression, anxiety and anger in breast cancer patients.
Methods: Our study comprised 178 breast cancer patients, most of whom were diagnosed for 1 to 5 years, compared with 400 other women randomly selected from the general population referred to Shiraz medical clinics for non-therapeutic reasons. We used depression, anxiety and anger subscales of Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90R) questionnaire.
Results: Depression and anxiety were not significantly different between the two groups and the mean scores of anger were significantly lower in breast cancer patients than those in the general population. Higher depression and anger mean scores were found among younger patients. Education and tumor size correlated significantly with anxiety.
Conclusion: Most of our patients had been diagnosed for more than 1 year and no patient had distant metastasis.
Qualitative data showed stable family condition, religious tenets and social supports which are all among the reasons for our results.

  Keyword: ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, ANGER, BREAST CANCER, SCL-90R, IRAN

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP TRAININGS IN ANGER MANAGEMENTIN A RATIONAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL STYLE.   SADEGHI A.,AHMADI S.A.,ABEDI M.R.      

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of REBT anger management group training in reducing aggressive behaviors of high school students. Twenty four high school students who had high marks in the aggressive questionnaire, were selected randomly. Then they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of REBT anger management training. The hypotheses were: 1. Aggressive behavior tends to decrease using REBTanger management group training. 2. There is a relationship between students demographic features and their aggressive behaviors. t-test and MANOVA. The results of t-test and MANOVA indicate that REBT anger management group training significantly decrease aggressive behaviors of high school students (p<0/001). The second hypothesis was not confirmed.

  Keyword: RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (REBT), AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, ANGER MANGEMENT GROUP TRAINING.  

 

 

 

 

A FIVE-YEAR CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF USING NORPLANT CONTRACEPTIVE SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS IN BANDAR ABBAS   RAJAEI MINOU*,ABEDI ASL J.,ZARE SH.   * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran    

Introduction: Implant insertion is known as an effective, comfortable long acting method of contraception. This study is designed to estimate the effectiveness, side effects, compliance and continuation rate of the levonorgestrel six-rod implants used in Bandar Abbas.

Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 225 women referring to family planning clinics in Bandar Abbas were enrolled. All of the Participants had selected norplant as a measure of contraception. They were interviewed and followed-up for 5 years unless they removed their Norplant earlier.

Results: A total of 220 women underwent six-rod implant insertion and after exclusion of 45 women, rest of them (175 women) were observed for a total of 517 women years. No pregnancy observed during the study. The most common side effect was menstrual irregularities (54.8%) which was the main reason for removing norplant in users. Compliance of the participants and continuation rate was 93.71%, 80%, 48.57%, 41.38%, and 31.43% for one, two, three, four an five years respectively. 65.15% of the users approved of this method.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A STAGED DEVELOPMENT MODEL FOR NEW TOWNS: A BRITISH EXPERIENCE   AJZA SHOKOUHI M.*   * Sabzevar University    

The paper tries to develop a general model about the process of population and economic change in British new towns. In this research the theories of staged development of urban area and urban decline are adopted as atheoretical basis and methods of factor analysis and labour market accounts as an analytical methods for studying the process of development of new towns. The results of the factor analysis show that the development of new towns was related to the changes in employment opportunities and demographic characteristics of these towns. Furthermore the results of labour market accounts on the new towns indicate that the new towns had a phased development over their life cycle. The results indicate that a British new town experienced substantial growth in population and employment over the first and second stages (first and second decades) of its development. While they experienced the process of stagnation in maturity stage (third decade).
This research shows that as a result of a large amount m-migration to the new towns over these decades, there was considerable growth m the size of the labour force during the third decade (maturity stage). In this stage, because of a mismatch between labour supply and labour demand, there was a job-shortfall in the new towns. As a result, we can expect a growth in job-shortfall, unemployment and out-migration over the fourth stage of their development, if the process of stagnation occurs and continues in these towns.
Of course the results of this research show that the size of a new town and the state of its regional economy and regional policy are important factors in the development of a new town.

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Conclusion: The levonorgestrel six-rod implant system is an effective, convenient, long acting and well tolerated method of contraception in Bandar Abbas.

  Keyword: CONTRACEPTION, NORPLANT, ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  7-YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH RADIAL ARTERY CONDUIT IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT IN RAJAEE HEART CENTER   SADEGHPOUR TABAEI A.*,ROSTAMI A.R.,ASDAGHPOUR E.   * IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES, SHAHID RAJAEE HOSPITAL, TEHRAN, IRAN    

Introduction & Objective: The patency rates of a radial artery graft for CABG approximate 80% at 7years, although significantly higher patency rates have been reported. Placement of the radial artery graft onto a left-sided target vessel with a high-grade proximal stenosis and good runoff may result in higher patency rates. We evaluated radial artery as a suitable conduit for CABG and measured its early and mid-term results in our 5 years experience.
Materials & Methods: From August 1999 to June 2006 radial artery graft was used for CABG in 308 patients. We never dilate radial artery with intraluminal injection. Early and mid term complications and clinical outcomes were evaluated in these patients with a mean follow up of 21±6.2 months. Allen test was performed before operation in all patients.
Results: The number of 308 patients (240 male and 68 female) undergoing CABG had one (286) or two (22) distal anastomosis from radial graft conduit in addition to other conduits, patients’ mean age was 55±4.8 years (26-78). The number of 96% of the operations was elective and 4% were urgent. An average of 3.5 grafts per patient was performed. In 18% of the patients, total arterial conduit was used. The operative morbidity was re-operation for bleeding in 2.3%; post-operative-MI in 3.2%; parenthesis in the hand in 10%; stitch abscess in the hand in 3.5%. Mean x-time was 46±9 minutes and the mean CPB time was 85±11 minutes. Hospital mortality was in 0.6% (in 2 patients), in one case directly due to complication of harvesting of radial artery. During the follow up, all the patients are alive, free from cardiac events and have good function classes.
Conclusions: Early and mid term results of CABG with radial artery conduit is excellent, and we recommend angiographic studies to establish the true long-term patency of radial artery.

  Keyword: RADIAL ARTERY GRAFT, ALLEN TEST, CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS (CABG)

تاریخ: سه شنبه 26 ارديبهشت 1391,